We found that Strobilanthes cusia and Indigofera tinctoria have the most potential for sustainable indigo production in the future. In the process of modernization and urbanization, some Hainan Miao and Li dyers retain the traditional indigo extraction methods. Indigofera tinctoria had the highest QI and AI values, but Indigofera suffruticosa was preferred by Li dyers. Strobilanthes cusia had the highest QI, AI and PR values in Hainan Miao villages. Indigo extraction by steeping in water to which lime is added to increase the pH is sharing by the five indigo-yielding plant species. Wrightia laevis is less commonly used as a contemporary indigo source. Li dyers also commonly use Indigofera species ( I. Strobilanthes cusia was the main indigo source for Hainan Miao dyers. However, just four species are still in use. Resultsįive indigo-yielding plant species (from four plant families and four genera) were historically used by Hainan Miao and Li dyers. Mention index (QI), Availability index (AI), and Preference ranking (PR) of each indigo-yielding plant species were calculated to screen out plant resources with potential development value. MethodĮthnic uses were documented during three field surveys, through a questionnaire survey of 193 respondents, comprising 144 Hainan Miao and 49 Li traditional dyers. ![]() The aim of this study was to document the indigenous knowledge on indigo-yielding plant species used by both Hainan Miao and Li people on Hainan Island, China. In contrast, Hainan Miao weavers produce indigo-dyed textiles using batik (wax resist) techniques. Yet Li textile weavers on Hainan Island are internationally recognized as producers of indigo-dyed textile using warp ikat techniques. Today, due to the labor-intensive nature of indigo extraction at the household level, lifestyle changes and the widespread availability of commercially produced indigo paste, traditional indigo extraction methods have declined in villages. Indigo-dyed textiles were widely traded along the legendary Silk Road that linked China to Europe. Historically, indigo-yielding plant species were important cash crops from Central Asia to the southern United States and Central America.
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